HNRNPU tissues
HNRNPU [ENSP00000491215]
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U; DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression (PubMed:10490622, PubMed:18082603, PubMed:19029303, PubMed:22325991, PubMed:25986610, PubMed:28622508). Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability (PubMed:1324173, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:28622508). Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RNA on the inactive chromosome X (Xi) and the subsequent initiation and maintenance of X-linked transcriptional gene silencing during X-inactivation (By similarity). Plays a role as a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme transcription regulator (PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9353307, PubMed:10490622, PubMed:15711563, PubMed:19617346, PubMed:23811339). Promotes transcription initiation by direct association with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with Pol II in a actin-dependent manner . Blocks Pol II transcription elongation activity by inhibiting the C- terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation of Pol II and dissociates from Pol II pre-initiation complex prior to productive transcription elongation . Positively regulates CBX5-induced transcriptional gene silencing and retention of CBX5 in the nucleus . Negatively regulates glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional activation . Key regulator of transcription initiation and elongation in embryonic stem cells upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling (By similarity). Involved in the long non-coding RNA H19-mediated Pol II transcriptional repression . Participates in the circadian regulation of the core clock component ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of telomere length . Plays a role as a global pre-mRNA alternative splicing modulator by regulating U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis . Plays a role in mRNA stability (PubMed:17174306, PubMed:17289661, PubMed:19029303). Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stabilization . Enhances the expression of specific genes, such as tumor necrosis factor TNFA, by regulating mRNA stability, possibly through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) . Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle regulation . Involved in the formation of stable mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) attachment to kinetochore, spindle organization and chromosome congression . Phosphorylation at Ser-59 by PLK1 is required for chromosome alignement and segregation and progression through mitosis . Contributes also to the targeting of AURKA to mitotic spindle MTs . Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA, poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) oligoribonucleotides (PubMed:1628625, PubMed:8068679, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365). Binds to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) . Associates with chromatin to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)-dependent manner (PubMed:7509195, PubMed:1324173, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365, PubMed:10671544, PubMed:11003645, PubMed:11909954, PubMed:28622508). Binds to the Xist RNA . Binds the long non-coding H19 RNA . Binds to SMN1/2 pre-mRNAs at G/U-rich regions . Binds to small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) . Binds to the 3'-UTR of TNFA mRNA . Binds (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) to the long non-coding Xist RNA; this binding is direct and bridges the Xist RNA and the inactive chromosome X (Xi) (By similarity). Also negatively regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation upon LIF signaling (By similarity). Required for embryonic development (By similarity). Binds to brown fat long non- coding RNA 1 (Blnc1); facilitates the recruitment of Blnc1 by ZBTB7B required to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis (By similarity). ECO:0000269|PubMed:10490622, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10671544, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11003645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909954, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1324173, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15711563, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1628625, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17174306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17289661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18082603, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19617346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21242313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22325991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23811339, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25986610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26244333, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28622508, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7509195, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8068679, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8174554, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9204873,
Synonyms: HNRNPU, A0A087WVI9, A0A087WZF3, A0A1W2PNG3, A0A1W2PP22 ...